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Torch - 8 (IgG and IgM)
Investigation Result Units Biological Reference Interval

Toxoplasma IgM 0.02 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Toxoplasma IgG 4.92 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Rubella IgM 0.04 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Rubella IgG 64.42 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Cytomegalovirus IgM 0.04 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Cytomegalovirus IgG 0.75 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Herpes Simplex Virus I & II IgM 0.11 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Torch - 8 (IgG and IgM)
Investigation Result Units Biological Reference Interval

Herpes Simplex Virus I & II IgG 1.28 Index Negative: < 0.9
Equivocal: 0.9 - < 1.1
Positive: =1.1
Torch - 8 (IgG and IgM)

• Sample type : Serum. • Method : ELISA • TORCH IgG : 1. This assay is used for quantitative detection of specific IgG antibodies to TORCH in serum samples. 2. Positive result indicates past infection with TORCH. Pregnant females with positive TORCH specific IgG antibodies are considered to be immune and hence risk of transmission of infection to fetus is minimal. 3. Equivocal results should be re-tested in 10-14 days. 4. Negative result indicates person has not been exposed to TORCH in the past. Pregnant females with negative TORCH specific IgG antibodies are considered at risk of transmission of infection to fetus . Patients with negative results in suspected disease should be re-tested after 10-14 days. False negative results can be due to immunosuppression or due to low/undetectable level of IgG antibodies. To differentiate between recent and past infection, Toxoplasma, Rubella & CMV IgG avidity test is indicated. 5. Demonstration of rising antibody titer (four folds) in acute and convalescent sera taken 2-3 weeks apart are indicative of TORCH infection. 6. The result should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical finding and other diagnostic tests. The magnitude of the measured result is not indicative of the amount of antibody present. • TORCH IgM : 1. This assay is used for quantitative detection of specific IgM antibodies to TORCH in serum samples. 2. Positive result for TORCH IgM indicates possible acute infection with TORCH. False positive reaction due to rheumatoid factor and persistence of positive IgM (except Herpes Simplex virus) for upto 2 years is not uncommon. 3. An equivocal result requires repeat testing in 10-14 days. 4. Negative result indicates no serological evidence of infection with TORCH. False negative can be due to immunosuppression or due to low/undetectable level of IgM antibodies. A suspected diagnosis of acute TORCH infection should be confirmed by PCR analysis or repeat test after 10-14 days. • Disclaimer : 1) The above result relate only to the specimens received and tested in laboratory and should be always correlate with clinical findings and other laboratory markers. 2) Improper specimen collection, handling, storage and transportation may result in false negative/Positive results.

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Prolactin (PRL)
Investigation Result Units Biological Reference Interval

Prolactin (PRL) 16.6 ng/mL 6.0 - 29.9

• Sample Type: Serum. • Method : ECLIA. • Comments : PRL is a polypeptide produced by the lactotrophs of the pituitary gland. Since prolactin is secreted in a pulsatile manner and is also influenced by a variety of physiologic stimuli, it is recommended to test 3 specimens at 20-30 minute intervals after pooling. Major circulating form of Prolactin is a nonglycosylated monomer, but several forms of Prolactin linked with immunoglobulin occur which can give falsely high Prolactin results. Macroprolactin assay is recommended if prolactin levels are elevated, but signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are absent or pituitary imaging studies are normal • Clinical Use : 1.Diagnosis & management of pituitary adenomas. 2.Differential diagnosis of male & female hypogonadism increased levels. 3.Physiologic:-Sleep, stress, postprandially, pain, coitus, pregnancy, nipple stimulation or nursing. 4.Systemic disorders:-Chest wall or thoracic spinal cord lesions, Primary/Secondary hypothyroidism, Adrenal insufficiency, Chronic renal failure, Cirrhosis 5.Medications:-Psychiatric medications like Phenothiazine, Haloperidol, Risperidone, Domperidone, Fluoexetine, Amitriptylene, MAO inhibitors etc., Antihypertensives: Alphamethyldopa, Reserpine, Verapamil Opiates: Heroin, Methadone, Morphine, Apomorphine Estrogens Oral contraceptives Cimetidine / Ranitidine 6.Prolactin secreting pituitary tumors:-Prolactinoma, Acromegaly 7.Miscellaneous:-Polycystic ovarian disease, Epileptic seizures, 8.Ectopic secretion of prolactin by non-pituitary tumors, pressure / transaction of pituitary stalk, macroprolactinemia 9.Idiopathic Decreased levels:-Pituitary deficiency (Pituitary necrosis / infarction), Bromocriptine administration, Pseudohypoparathyroidism

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Thyroid Function Test (TFT)
Investigation Result Units Biological Reference Interval

T3 (Triiodothyronine) 1.19 ng/mL 0.8 - 2.0
• Sample Type : Serum.
• Method : ECLIA.
T4 (Thyroxine) 8.85 ug/dl 5.1 - 14.1
• Sample Type : Serum.
• Method : ECLIA.
ULTRA Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 2.07 uIU/mL 0.27 - 4.2
Frist trimester: 0.3- 4.5
Second trimester : 0.5 -4.6
Third trimester : 0.8 -5.2
• Sample Type : Serum.
• Method : ECLIA.

1) TSH levels are subject to circadian variation, reaching peak levels between 2 - 4.a.m. and at a minimum between 6-10 pm. The variation is of the order of 50% . hence time of the day has influence on the measured serum TSH concentrations. 2) Recommended test for T3 and T4 is unbound fraction or free levels as it is metabolically active. 3) Physiological rise in Total T3 / T4 levels is seen in pregnancy and in patients on steroid therapy. Clinical Use : • Primary Hypothyroidism • Hyperthyroidism • Hypothalamic – Pituitary hypothyroidism • Inappropriate TSH secretion • Nonthyroidal illness • Autoimmune thyroid disease • Pregnancy associated thyroid disorders. • References : - Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management, 23rd edition. -Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, 7th edition. •Disclaimer: 1) The above result relate only to the specimens received and tested in laboratory and should be always correlate with clinical findings and other laboratory markers. 2) Improper specimen collection, handling,storage and transportation may result in false negative/Positive results.

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